The industry invests about $7.5 billion per year in maintenance and upgrades of the plants. In 2019 it was a record 94%, compared with wind (32%) and solar PV (22%) (EIA data). The average capacity factor has risen from 50% in the early 1970s, to 70% in 1991, and it passed 90% in 2002, remaining at around this level since. Since 2001 these plants have achieved an average capacity factor of over 90%. The US fleet is operated by 30 different power companies across 30 different states. Nuclear power plays a major role in electricity provision across the country. In its Annual Energy Outlook 2021, the US Energy Information Administration's (EIA's) reference case shows electricity demand growth averaging 1% per year through to 2050. Source: International Energy Agency and The World Bank.
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